Difference Betwixt Abstraction As Well As Encapsulation Inward Coffee - Oop
Both Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation are 2 of the 4 basic OOP concepts which allow you lot to model real-world things into objects thence that you lot tin implement them inwards your computer program in addition to code. Many beginners acquire confused betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation because they both expect really similar. If you lot inquire mortal what is Abstraction, he volition nation that it's an OOP concept which focuses on relevant information yesteryear hiding unnecessary detail, in addition to when you lot inquire close Encapsulation, many volition nation that it's to a greater extent than or less other OOP concept which hides information from exterior world. The definitions are non incorrect equally both Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation does shroud something, but the key divergence is on intent.
Abstraction hides complexity yesteryear giving you lot a to a greater extent than abstract picture, a variety of 10,000 feet view, spell Encapsulation hides internal working thence that you lot tin alter it later. In other words, Abstraction hides details at the design level, spell Encapsulation hides details at the implementation level.
For example, when you lot get-go push clit an object, you lot beak inwards to a greater extent than abstract term e.g. a Vehicle which tin move, you lot don't nation how Vehicle volition move, whether it volition motion yesteryear using tires or it volition wing or it volition sell. It only moves. This is called Abstraction. We are talking close a most essential thing, which is moving, rather than focusing on details similar moving inwards plane, sky, or water.
There are likewise the dissimilar levels of Abstraction in addition to it's proficient practise that classes should interact alongside other classes alongside the same flat of abstraction or higher flat of abstraction. As you lot growth the flat of Abstraction, things start getting simpler in addition to simpler because you lot leave of absence out details.
On the other hand, Encapsulation is all close implementation. Its sole role is to shroud internal working of objects from exterior globe thence that you lot tin alter it after without impacting exterior clients.
For example, nosotros accept a HashMap which allows you lot to shop the object using put() method in addition to retrieve the object using the get() method. How HashMap implements this method (see here) is an internal item of HashMap, the customer solely cares that pose stores the object in addition to acquire supply it back, they are non concerned whether HashMap is using an array, how it is resolving the collision, whether it is using linked list or binary tree to shop object landing on same bucket etc.
Because of Encapsulation, you lot tin alter the internal implementation of HashMap alongside repose without impacting clients who are using HashMap. For example, inwards Java 8, the java.util.HashMap changes its implementation to usage a binary tree instead of LinkedList to shop objects inwards the same bucket after a for sure threshold (see here).
The customer doesn't shout out for to brand whatever alter to produce goodness from this code alter because those details are non exposed to them. Had customer knows close that i.e. somehow they tin acquire the reference of the internal array from HashMap, it would non accept been possible to alter the implementation without impacting clients.
There are many pattern principles which are based on Abstraction e.g. "coding for interfaces thence implementation" which helps you lot to write flexible code inwards Java or C++. The thought is that a flat depend upon on an interface, a higher flat of abstraction than the class, a lower flat of abstraction. This final result inwards flexible code which tin locomote alongside whatever implementation of the interface.
For example, if you lot shout out for HashMap, your flat should depend upon Map instead of HashMap. Similarly, if you lot shout out for ArrayList, brand for sure you lot should usage the List. Thankfully, Uncle Bob has shared several such pattern principles on Clean Code, collectively known equally SOLID pattern principles, which is something every OOP programmer must larn in addition to understand.
1) The most of import divergence betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation is that Abstraction solves the occupation at pattern flat spell Encapsulation solves it implementation level.
2) Abstraction is close hiding unwanted details spell giving out most essential details, spell Encapsulation agency hiding the code in addition to information into a unmarried unit of measurement e.g. flat or method to protect inner working of an object from exterior world. In other words, Abstraction agency extracting mutual details or generalizing things.
3) Abstraction lets you lot focus on what the object does instead of how it does, spell Encapsulation agency hiding the internal details of how an object works. When you lot proceed internal working details private, you lot tin alter it after alongside a ameliorate method. The Head First Object Oriented Analysis in addition to Design has to a greater extent than or less first-class examples of these OOP concepts, I advise you lot read that majority at to the lowest degree in i lawsuit to revisit OOP fundamentals.
4) Abstraction focus on outer spotter e.g. moving of vehicle spell Encapsulation focuses on internal working or inner spotter e.g. how precisely the vehicle moves.
5) In Java, Abstraction is supported using interface in addition to abstract class spell Encapsulation is supported using access modifiers e.g. public, private in addition to protected.
Here is a prissy tabular array highlighting key differences betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation inwards Object Oriented Programming:
That's all close the difference betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation inwards Java in addition to OOP. I understand, they both seems really similar but equally I said they are a totally dissimilar concept. Just shout out upward that Abstraction solves the occupation at pattern flat spell Encapsulation solves at the implementation level. Both are really of import for an OOP programmer but sometimes it tin locomote hard to explain.
As I accept said before, the best way to larn in addition to primary Object-Oriented programming is yesteryear writing code in addition to reading code of others. The to a greater extent than you lot are exposed to code, the to a greater extent than you lot realize how these concepts locomote inwards practice. There are several pattern principles which are based inwards price of Abstraction e.g. coding for interface rather than implementation which allows you lot to write flexible code.
Further Learning
answer)The divergence betwixt Inheritance in addition to Polymorphism inwards Java? (answer) The divergence betwixt Aggregation, Composition, in addition to Association inwards OOP? (answer) The divergence betwixt State in addition to Strategy pattern patterns? (answer) What is Polymorphism inwards Java? Overloading or Overriding? (answer) What is the divergence betwixt Overloading in addition to Overriding inwards OOP? (answer) The divergence betwixt instance in addition to object inwards Java? (answer) What is the divergence betwixt static in addition to dynamic binding inwards Java? (answer) Thanks for reading this article, if you lot actually similar this article thence delight percentage alongside your friends in addition to colleagues. If you lot accept whatever enquiry or proposition thence delight drib a comment. If you lot desire to read to a greater extent than close OOP concepts, SOLID pattern principles in addition to applying OOP concepts inwards existent life, only read Clean Code.
Abstraction hides complexity yesteryear giving you lot a to a greater extent than abstract picture, a variety of 10,000 feet view, spell Encapsulation hides internal working thence that you lot tin alter it later. In other words, Abstraction hides details at the design level, spell Encapsulation hides details at the implementation level.
For example, when you lot get-go push clit an object, you lot beak inwards to a greater extent than abstract term e.g. a Vehicle which tin move, you lot don't nation how Vehicle volition move, whether it volition motion yesteryear using tires or it volition wing or it volition sell. It only moves. This is called Abstraction. We are talking close a most essential thing, which is moving, rather than focusing on details similar moving inwards plane, sky, or water.
There are likewise the dissimilar levels of Abstraction in addition to it's proficient practise that classes should interact alongside other classes alongside the same flat of abstraction or higher flat of abstraction. As you lot growth the flat of Abstraction, things start getting simpler in addition to simpler because you lot leave of absence out details.
On the other hand, Encapsulation is all close implementation. Its sole role is to shroud internal working of objects from exterior globe thence that you lot tin alter it after without impacting exterior clients.
For example, nosotros accept a HashMap which allows you lot to shop the object using put() method in addition to retrieve the object using the get() method. How HashMap implements this method (see here) is an internal item of HashMap, the customer solely cares that pose stores the object in addition to acquire supply it back, they are non concerned whether HashMap is using an array, how it is resolving the collision, whether it is using linked list or binary tree to shop object landing on same bucket etc.
Because of Encapsulation, you lot tin alter the internal implementation of HashMap alongside repose without impacting clients who are using HashMap. For example, inwards Java 8, the java.util.HashMap changes its implementation to usage a binary tree instead of LinkedList to shop objects inwards the same bucket after a for sure threshold (see here).
The customer doesn't shout out for to brand whatever alter to produce goodness from this code alter because those details are non exposed to them. Had customer knows close that i.e. somehow they tin acquire the reference of the internal array from HashMap, it would non accept been possible to alter the implementation without impacting clients.
There are many pattern principles which are based on Abstraction e.g. "coding for interfaces thence implementation" which helps you lot to write flexible code inwards Java or C++. The thought is that a flat depend upon on an interface, a higher flat of abstraction than the class, a lower flat of abstraction. This final result inwards flexible code which tin locomote alongside whatever implementation of the interface.
For example, if you lot shout out for HashMap, your flat should depend upon Map instead of HashMap. Similarly, if you lot shout out for ArrayList, brand for sure you lot should usage the List. Thankfully, Uncle Bob has shared several such pattern principles on Clean Code, collectively known equally SOLID pattern principles, which is something every OOP programmer must larn in addition to understand.
Difference betwixt Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Here are to a greater extent than or less of the key divergence betwixt Encapsulation in addition to Abstraction inwards shout out for format for your quick revision:1) The most of import divergence betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation is that Abstraction solves the occupation at pattern flat spell Encapsulation solves it implementation level.
2) Abstraction is close hiding unwanted details spell giving out most essential details, spell Encapsulation agency hiding the code in addition to information into a unmarried unit of measurement e.g. flat or method to protect inner working of an object from exterior world. In other words, Abstraction agency extracting mutual details or generalizing things.
3) Abstraction lets you lot focus on what the object does instead of how it does, spell Encapsulation agency hiding the internal details of how an object works. When you lot proceed internal working details private, you lot tin alter it after alongside a ameliorate method. The Head First Object Oriented Analysis in addition to Design has to a greater extent than or less first-class examples of these OOP concepts, I advise you lot read that majority at to the lowest degree in i lawsuit to revisit OOP fundamentals.
4) Abstraction focus on outer spotter e.g. moving of vehicle spell Encapsulation focuses on internal working or inner spotter e.g. how precisely the vehicle moves.
5) In Java, Abstraction is supported using interface in addition to abstract class spell Encapsulation is supported using access modifiers e.g. public, private in addition to protected.
Here is a prissy tabular array highlighting key differences betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation inwards Object Oriented Programming:
That's all close the difference betwixt Abstraction in addition to Encapsulation inwards Java in addition to OOP. I understand, they both seems really similar but equally I said they are a totally dissimilar concept. Just shout out upward that Abstraction solves the occupation at pattern flat spell Encapsulation solves at the implementation level. Both are really of import for an OOP programmer but sometimes it tin locomote hard to explain.
As I accept said before, the best way to larn in addition to primary Object-Oriented programming is yesteryear writing code in addition to reading code of others. The to a greater extent than you lot are exposed to code, the to a greater extent than you lot realize how these concepts locomote inwards practice. There are several pattern principles which are based inwards price of Abstraction e.g. coding for interface rather than implementation which allows you lot to write flexible code.
Further Learning
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