9 Divergence Betwixt Tcp Together With Udp Protocol - Coffee Network Interview Question
TCP in addition to UDP are 2 carry layer protocols, which are extensively used on the meshing for transmitting information from i host to another. Good noesis of how TCP in addition to UDP works is essential for whatever programmer. That's why the difference betwixt TCP in addition to UDP is i of the most pop programming interview questions. I conduct hold seen this query many times on diverse Java interviews, peculiarly for server-side Java developer positions. Since FIX (Financial Information Exchange) protocol is equally good a TCP based protocol, several investment banks, hedge funds, in addition to telephone substitution solution provider looks for Java developer amongst practiced noesis of TCP in addition to UDP. Writing create engines in addition to server side components for high-speed electronic trading platforms needs capable developers amongst a corporation agreement of fundamentals including information structure, algorithms, in addition to networking.
By the way, piece of employment of TCP in addition to UDP is non express to i area, it's at the pump of the internet. The protocol which is the pith of internet, HTTP is based on TCP. One to a greater extent than reason, why Java developer should sympathise these 2 protocols inward item is that Java is extensively used to write multi-threaded, concurrent in addition to scalable servers.
Java equally good provides rich Socket programming API for both TCP in addition to UDP based communication. In this article, nosotros volition acquire key differences betwixt TCP in addition to UDP protocol, which is useful to every Java programmers.
To get-go with, TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol in addition to UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol, in addition to both are used extensively to create Internet applications.
In this article, nosotros volition encounter the difference betwixt UDP in addition to TCP inward ix points, e.g. connectedness set-up, reliability, ordering, speed, overhead, header size, congestion control, application, dissimilar protocols based on TCP in addition to UDP in addition to how they transfer data.
By learning these differences, you lot non alone able to answer this interview query improve simply equally good sympathise roughly of import details nearly 2 of the most of import protocols of the internet.
1) Connection-oriented vs Connectionless
First in addition to maiden off departure betwixt them is TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, in addition to UDP is connectionless protocol. This agency a connectedness is established betwixt customer in addition to server earlier they tin mail data. Connection institution procedure is equally good known equally TCP handshaking where command messages are interchanged betwixt customer in addition to server. Attached icon pull the procedure of TCP handshake, for example, which command messages are exchanged betwixt customer in addition to server.
The client, which is the initiator of TCP connection, sends SYN message to the server, which is listening on a TCP port. The server receives in addition to sends an SYN-ACK message, which is received yesteryear customer i time again in addition to responded using ACK. Once the server receives this ACK message, TCP connectedness is established in addition to ready for information transmission.
On the other hand, UDP is a connectionless protocol, in addition to request to request connectedness is non established earlier sending messages. That's the reason, UDP is to a greater extent than suitable for multicast distribution of the message, i to many distributions of information inward unmarried transmission.
2) Reliability
TCP provides the delivery guarantee, which agency a message sent using TCP protocol is guaranteed to endure delivered to the client. If a message is lost inward transits thus its recovered using resending, which is handled yesteryear TCP protocol itself. On the other hand, UDP is unreliable, it doesn't supply whatever delivery guarantee. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 datagram parcel may endure lost inward transits. That's why UDP is non suitable for programs which require guaranteed delivery.
3) Ordering
Apart from the delivery guarantee, TCP equally good guarantees the guild of message. The message volition endure delivered to the customer inward the same order, the server has sent, though it's possible they may attain out of guild to the other halt of the network. TCP protocol volition do all sequencing in addition to ordering for you. UDP doesn't supply whatever ordering or sequencing guarantee.
Datagram packets may acquire inward in whatever order. That's why TCP is suitable for application which needs delivery inward a sequenced manner, though at that topographic point is UDP based protocol equally good which provides ordering in addition to reliability yesteryear using sequence number in addition to redelivery e.g. TIBCO Rendezvous, which is genuinely a UDP based application.
4) Data Boundary
TCP does non save information boundary, UDP does. In Transmission command protocol, information is sent equally a byte stream, in addition to no distinguishing indications are transmitted to signal message (segment) boundaries. On UDP, Packets are sent individually in addition to are checked for integrity alone if they arrived. Packets conduct hold definite boundaries which are honored upon receipt, pregnant a read functioning at the receiver socket volition yield an entire message equally it was originally sent. Though TCP volition equally good deliver the consummate message afterwards assembling all bytes. Messages are stored on TCP buffers earlier sending to brand optimum piece of employment of network bandwidth.
5) Speed
In i word, TCP is deadening in addition to UDP is fast. Since TCP does has to create a connection, ensure guaranteed in addition to ordered delivery, it does a lot to a greater extent than than UDP. This toll TCP inward price of speed, that's why UDP is to a greater extent than suitable where speed is a concern, for example, online video streaming, telecast or online multiplayer games. If you lot desire to acquire to a greater extent than nearly why UDP is faster than TCP thus consider reading The TCP/IP Guide, A Comprehensive, Illustrated Internet Protocols Reference 1st Edition
yesteryear Charles M. Kozierok, i of the must-read books to acquire TCP/IP protocol.
6) Heavyweight vs Lightweight
Because of the overhead mentioned above, Transmission command protocol is considered equally heavyweight equally compared to lightweight UDP protocol. Simple mantra of UDP to deliver a message without bearing whatever overhead of creating connectedness in addition to guaranteeing delivery or guild guarantee keeps it calorie-free weight. This is equally good reflected inward their header sizes, which is used to carry metadata.
7) Header size
TCP has bigger header than UDP. Usual header size of a TCP packet is xx bytes which are to a greater extent than than double of 8 bytes, header size of UDP datagram packet. TCP header contains Sequence Number, Ack number, Data offset, Reserved, Control bit, Window, Urgent Pointer, Options, Padding, Check Sum, Source port, in addition to Destination port. While UDP header alone contains Length, Source port, Destination port, in addition to Check Sum. Here is how TCP in addition to UDP header looks like:
8) Congestion or Flow control
TCP does Flow Control. TCP requires 3 packets to ready a socket connectedness earlier whatever user information tin endure sent. TCP handles reliability in addition to congestion control. On the other hand, UDP does non conduct hold an alternative for menstruum control. See TCP/IP Illustrated - The Protocol Volume 1 By W. Richard Stevens to acquire to a greater extent than nearly how TCP does menstruum control
9) Usage in addition to application
Where do TCP in addition to UDP are used on the internet? After knowing key differences betwixt TCP in addition to UDP, nosotros tin easily conclude, which province of affairs suits them. Since TCP provides delivery in addition to sequencing guaranty, it is best suited for applications that require high reliability, in addition to transmission fourth dimension is relatively less critical.
While UDP is to a greater extent than suitable for applications that involve fast, efficient transmission, such equally games. UDP's stateless nature is equally good useful for servers that answer small-scale queries from huge numbers of clients. In practice, TCP is used inward finance domain e.g. FIX protocol is a TCP based protocol, UDP is used heavily inward gaming in addition to amusement sites.
10) TCP in addition to UDP based Protocols
One of the best examples of TCP based higher halt protocol is HTTP in addition to HTTPS, which is everywhere on the internet. In fact, most of the mutual protocol you lot are familiar of e.g. Telnet, FTP in addition to SMTP all are based on Transmission Control Protocol. UDP don't conduct hold anything equally pop equally HTTP simply UDP is used inward a protocol similar DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name System). Some of the other protocol, which is based on User Datagram protocol is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), TFTP, BOOTP and NFS (early versions).
Btw, piece working inward TCP/UDP based application on Linux, it's equally good practiced to remember basic networking commands e.g. telnet and netstat, they help tremendously to debug or troubleshoot whatever connectedness issue.
That's all nearly the difference betwixt TCP in addition to UDP protocol. Always recall to cry that TCP is connectedness oriented, reliable, slow, provides guaranteed delivery in addition to preserves the guild of messages, piece UDP is connectionless, unreliable, no ordering guarantee, simply a fast protocol. TCP overhead is equally good much higher than UDP, equally it transmits to a greater extent than metadata per packet than UDP.
It's worth mentioning that header size of Transmission command protocol is xx bytes, compared to 8 bytes header of User Datagram protocol. Use TCP, if you lot can't afford to lose whatever message, piece UDP is improve for high-speed information transmission, where loss of a unmarried packet is acceptable e.g. video streaming or online multiplayer games.
Further Reading
The Complete Java MasterClass
Java Network Programming, (4th Addition) yesteryear Harold, Elliotte Rusty
TCP/IP in addition to Networking Fundamentals for information technology Pros
By the way, piece of employment of TCP in addition to UDP is non express to i area, it's at the pump of the internet. The protocol which is the pith of internet, HTTP is based on TCP. One to a greater extent than reason, why Java developer should sympathise these 2 protocols inward item is that Java is extensively used to write multi-threaded, concurrent in addition to scalable servers.
Java equally good provides rich Socket programming API for both TCP in addition to UDP based communication. In this article, nosotros volition acquire key differences betwixt TCP in addition to UDP protocol, which is useful to every Java programmers.
To get-go with, TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol in addition to UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol, in addition to both are used extensively to create Internet applications.
Difference betwixt TCP vs UDP Protocol
I dearest to compare 2 things at dissimilar points, this non alone makes them piece of cake to compare simply equally good makes it piece of cake to recall differences. When nosotros compare TCP to UDP, nosotros acquire the departure inward how both TCP in addition to UDP works, nosotros acquire which provides reliable in addition to guaranteed delivery in addition to which doesn't. Which protocol is fast in addition to why, in addition to most importantly when to conduct TCP over UDP piece edifice your ain distributed application.In this article, nosotros volition encounter the difference betwixt UDP in addition to TCP inward ix points, e.g. connectedness set-up, reliability, ordering, speed, overhead, header size, congestion control, application, dissimilar protocols based on TCP in addition to UDP in addition to how they transfer data.
By learning these differences, you lot non alone able to answer this interview query improve simply equally good sympathise roughly of import details nearly 2 of the most of import protocols of the internet.
1) Connection-oriented vs Connectionless
First in addition to maiden off departure betwixt them is TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, in addition to UDP is connectionless protocol. This agency a connectedness is established betwixt customer in addition to server earlier they tin mail data. Connection institution procedure is equally good known equally TCP handshaking where command messages are interchanged betwixt customer in addition to server. Attached icon pull the procedure of TCP handshake, for example, which command messages are exchanged betwixt customer in addition to server.
The client, which is the initiator of TCP connection, sends SYN message to the server, which is listening on a TCP port. The server receives in addition to sends an SYN-ACK message, which is received yesteryear customer i time again in addition to responded using ACK. Once the server receives this ACK message, TCP connectedness is established in addition to ready for information transmission.
On the other hand, UDP is a connectionless protocol, in addition to request to request connectedness is non established earlier sending messages. That's the reason, UDP is to a greater extent than suitable for multicast distribution of the message, i to many distributions of information inward unmarried transmission.
2) Reliability
TCP provides the delivery guarantee, which agency a message sent using TCP protocol is guaranteed to endure delivered to the client. If a message is lost inward transits thus its recovered using resending, which is handled yesteryear TCP protocol itself. On the other hand, UDP is unreliable, it doesn't supply whatever delivery guarantee. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 datagram parcel may endure lost inward transits. That's why UDP is non suitable for programs which require guaranteed delivery.
3) Ordering
Apart from the delivery guarantee, TCP equally good guarantees the guild of message. The message volition endure delivered to the customer inward the same order, the server has sent, though it's possible they may attain out of guild to the other halt of the network. TCP protocol volition do all sequencing in addition to ordering for you. UDP doesn't supply whatever ordering or sequencing guarantee.
Datagram packets may acquire inward in whatever order. That's why TCP is suitable for application which needs delivery inward a sequenced manner, though at that topographic point is UDP based protocol equally good which provides ordering in addition to reliability yesteryear using sequence number in addition to redelivery e.g. TIBCO Rendezvous, which is genuinely a UDP based application.
4) Data Boundary
TCP does non save information boundary, UDP does. In Transmission command protocol, information is sent equally a byte stream, in addition to no distinguishing indications are transmitted to signal message (segment) boundaries. On UDP, Packets are sent individually in addition to are checked for integrity alone if they arrived. Packets conduct hold definite boundaries which are honored upon receipt, pregnant a read functioning at the receiver socket volition yield an entire message equally it was originally sent. Though TCP volition equally good deliver the consummate message afterwards assembling all bytes. Messages are stored on TCP buffers earlier sending to brand optimum piece of employment of network bandwidth.
5) Speed
In i word, TCP is deadening in addition to UDP is fast. Since TCP does has to create a connection, ensure guaranteed in addition to ordered delivery, it does a lot to a greater extent than than UDP. This toll TCP inward price of speed, that's why UDP is to a greater extent than suitable where speed is a concern, for example, online video streaming, telecast or online multiplayer games. If you lot desire to acquire to a greater extent than nearly why UDP is faster than TCP thus consider reading The TCP/IP Guide, A Comprehensive, Illustrated Internet Protocols Reference 1st Edition
yesteryear Charles M. Kozierok, i of the must-read books to acquire TCP/IP protocol.
6) Heavyweight vs Lightweight
Because of the overhead mentioned above, Transmission command protocol is considered equally heavyweight equally compared to lightweight UDP protocol. Simple mantra of UDP to deliver a message without bearing whatever overhead of creating connectedness in addition to guaranteeing delivery or guild guarantee keeps it calorie-free weight. This is equally good reflected inward their header sizes, which is used to carry metadata.
7) Header size
TCP has bigger header than UDP. Usual header size of a TCP packet is xx bytes which are to a greater extent than than double of 8 bytes, header size of UDP datagram packet. TCP header contains Sequence Number, Ack number, Data offset, Reserved, Control bit, Window, Urgent Pointer, Options, Padding, Check Sum, Source port, in addition to Destination port. While UDP header alone contains Length, Source port, Destination port, in addition to Check Sum. Here is how TCP in addition to UDP header looks like:
TCP Header Format
UDP Header Format
8) Congestion or Flow control
TCP does Flow Control. TCP requires 3 packets to ready a socket connectedness earlier whatever user information tin endure sent. TCP handles reliability in addition to congestion control. On the other hand, UDP does non conduct hold an alternative for menstruum control. See TCP/IP Illustrated - The Protocol Volume 1 By W. Richard Stevens to acquire to a greater extent than nearly how TCP does menstruum control
9) Usage in addition to application
Where do TCP in addition to UDP are used on the internet? After knowing key differences betwixt TCP in addition to UDP, nosotros tin easily conclude, which province of affairs suits them. Since TCP provides delivery in addition to sequencing guaranty, it is best suited for applications that require high reliability, in addition to transmission fourth dimension is relatively less critical.
While UDP is to a greater extent than suitable for applications that involve fast, efficient transmission, such equally games. UDP's stateless nature is equally good useful for servers that answer small-scale queries from huge numbers of clients. In practice, TCP is used inward finance domain e.g. FIX protocol is a TCP based protocol, UDP is used heavily inward gaming in addition to amusement sites.
10) TCP in addition to UDP based Protocols
One of the best examples of TCP based higher halt protocol is HTTP in addition to HTTPS, which is everywhere on the internet. In fact, most of the mutual protocol you lot are familiar of e.g. Telnet, FTP in addition to SMTP all are based on Transmission Control Protocol. UDP don't conduct hold anything equally pop equally HTTP simply UDP is used inward a protocol similar DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name System). Some of the other protocol, which is based on User Datagram protocol is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), TFTP, BOOTP and NFS (early versions).
Btw, piece working inward TCP/UDP based application on Linux, it's equally good practiced to remember basic networking commands e.g. telnet and netstat, they help tremendously to debug or troubleshoot whatever connectedness issue.
That's all nearly the difference betwixt TCP in addition to UDP protocol. Always recall to cry that TCP is connectedness oriented, reliable, slow, provides guaranteed delivery in addition to preserves the guild of messages, piece UDP is connectionless, unreliable, no ordering guarantee, simply a fast protocol. TCP overhead is equally good much higher than UDP, equally it transmits to a greater extent than metadata per packet than UDP.
It's worth mentioning that header size of Transmission command protocol is xx bytes, compared to 8 bytes header of User Datagram protocol. Use TCP, if you lot can't afford to lose whatever message, piece UDP is improve for high-speed information transmission, where loss of a unmarried packet is acceptable e.g. video streaming or online multiplayer games.
Further Reading
The Complete Java MasterClass
Java Network Programming, (4th Addition) yesteryear Harold, Elliotte Rusty
TCP/IP in addition to Networking Fundamentals for information technology Pros
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